Vol 8 Issue 2 2019

Being relatively fresh discipline, sports science has gained popularity in the last quarter of the 20th century; it reflects the seriousness with which sports and fitness are approached in the present day. Sports science is quite multidisciplinary field that sightsees the biomechanical, physiological and anatomical variations happening in sportsperson psychological effects to scrutinize the performance nutritional values to significantly prepare the body and also managing the financial and operational needs to enhance the business in sports industry

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Communication has a meaningful impact between clinician and client in order to comprehend each other’s language for effective therapeutic recovery and health related outcomes1 .Standardized tests are considered as one of the primary assessment tools used by a speech language pathologist to evaluate and diagnose child language impairment2 .

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ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Knee pathologies are one of the most common musculoskeletal ailments with high rate of prevalence of degenerative knee changes causing functional limitations and participation restriction. Number of occupational exposures has shown positive correlation to Knee OA, associated with varying occupations and their demands.

DATABASES AND ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
The observational studies were searched on the databases MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, PEDro and Cochrane Library from April to May 2019. It was ensured that all articles were full-text in English language whereas screening was executed on relevant titles and abstracts, evaluated on the basis of occupational hazards/risk factors and its impact on knee joint.

RESULTS
Number of studies represented varying occupational clusters that lead to certain risks factors according to demand. A positive relationship was indicated between age and Knee OA, along with squatting and knee pain that may results in elevated risk of disability and knee joint pathologies.

CONCLUSION
It was concluded that occupational exposures involved certain risk factors that may altered the knee joint function and increases the risk of Knee OA for future.

KEYWORDS
Knee Joint, Knee Injuries, Occupations, Risks, Health, Osteoarthritis.

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ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES
The aim is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of dental practitioners concerning physiotherapy management of Temporomandibular joint dysfunctions (TMDs.).

METHOD
61 dentists were included from Tertiary, secondary and private dental clinics of Karachi, and the study design was cross sectional.

RESULTS
Prior to survey 45.9% of did not had knowledge about physical therapy management TMD. Maxillofacial surgeons and master’s degree holders had more knowledge about physical therapy (PT) management. 45.9% dentists reported that PT is non-effective treatment approach. Lack of knowledge on dentist’s behalf is the foremost cause of less referral to PT 88.5%. Jaw exercises were prescribed by 83.6% of dentists. In the end of the survey 52.5% dentists were reluctant to refer, 47.5% were maybe they will refer and 96.7% dentists were eager to gain more knowledge about the benefits of PT and collaborative treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
This study concluded that the dental practitioners of Karachi lack knowledge, attitude and practice regarding physiotherapy treatment of TMD. The benefits of multidisciplinary approach while treating TMDs were not very well known to dental practitioners and its benefits to patients. This study increased the knowledge of surveyed practitioners

KEYWORDS
Dentistry, Masticatory Muscles, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Orthodontics, Temporomandibular Joint, Manipulation

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ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Globally physical inactivity is recognized as a primary concern and one of the major risk factor associated with long term disability. Health professionals are expected to promote active lifestyle but are neglecting it. Therefore it is essential to explore the knowledge of physical therapist regarding activity and promotion.

METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 153 physical therapist at different tertiary care hospitals of Karachi where dominant group was females (n=102). A self-administered questionnaire was distributed through convenience sampling after obtaining consent to evaluate their knowledge regarding physical activity recommendation by American College of Sports Medicine and there awareness among their patients.

RESULTS
Only 8.5% of physiotherapists correctly answered all three questions regarding Physical activity; guidelines. Promoting physical activity through their practice, only 54% of PT initiate conversation, 28% formally assess their patients, while brief intervention was given by only 31%.

CONCLUSION
It was concluded that knowledge regarding PA was compromised; with a lack of awareness about recommended guidelines for physical activity was also found.

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ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Communication has been a hallmark in autistic children with verbal and non-verbal language difficulties. These challenges may lead towards the development of syntactic structure that may cause understanding issues and communication breakdown. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the communicative barriers in ASD children and their parents.

METHODOLOGY
This cross-sectional survey was conducted at the special education schools of Karachi; enrolled 56 parents of ASD children using non-probability convenience sampling technique. Data was collected through ‘communicative difficulties questionnaire.

RESULTS
It was reported that 40.5% parents have difficulties with their child while 57% to 59.5% were found to be upset with communication difficulties. 24.1% parents have impression that their child doesn’t understand what they say.

CONCLUSION
Varied percentage was observed in communicative domains of the questionnaire that showed high proportion of communication barriers between parents and child. Further studies are needed to analyze the communication between parents and autistic children to address its impact.

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ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES
To estimate the probability of migraine among cervical radiculopathy patients by using odds ratio.

STUDY SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS
This study was carried out at two tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Out-Patient Department (OPD) of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ziauddin Hospital North and Liaquat National Hospital.

METHOD
Cross-sectional study was performed on participants aged between 25 to 45 years with both diagnosed and undiagnosed cervical radiculopathy to estimate the risk of migraine in comparison to healthy individuals. The characteristics features of migraine were assessed on migraine assessment scale while odds ratio was calculated to determine the odds.

RESULTS
The patients with CR are at higher risk for developing migraine as compared to the healthy individuals (odds ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval.

CONCLUSIONS
The study concluded that patients cervical radiculopathy have increased risk of migraine. Therefore, evaluation of the condition in cervical radiculopathy patients for assessing the susceptibility for migraine is crucial for the effective management of migraine.

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ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Autism is characterized by the complex paradigm of intellectual disabilities that leads to impairment in sensory integration, communication barriers and social interaction. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the sensory processing abilities among autism children. Further the study will be helpful in identifying difficulties faced by autistic children in multidimensional aspects.

METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional study was conducted at special education institute/schools of Karachi among the Autism Spectrum Children to evaluate the patterns of sensory integration by using Short Sensory Profile.

RESULTS
A total of 50 children, 23 males and 27 females with mean age of 9.5±1.84 years included in the study. On SSP, the mean scores of participants were 17.89±7.61 in tactile sensitivity, 16.66±6.90 in Under-responsive/Seeks Sensation, 14.45±5.75 in Visual/Auditory Sensitivity, 17.77±7.04 in Auditory Filtering, 19.57±7.91 in Low Energy/Weak while lowest scores were reported in Taste/Smell Sensitivity and Movement Sensitivity.

CONCLUSION
It was concluded that definite difference is more prevalent among children with autism whereas varying percentages are found on different items on Short sensory profile. Further studies are required to assess the sensory processing issues for more useful outcomes

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ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Flat foot has been reported as the most occurring clinical foot complication among pediatrics with more than 40% prevalence worldwide. This rate of prevalence is increasing by 21% to 57% in children aged 3-6 years respectively. Therefore, aim of this study is to determine the correlation between flexible flat foot and Q-angle among secondary school students by using Dennis method.

METHODOLOGY
This cross sectional study was conducted on 52 participants, aged 11-16 years. Screening of flat foot among participants was determined through navicular drop test. The jack toe rising test was also used to discriminate in flexible and rigid flat foot. The participants having flexible flat foot were then recruited and evaluated on Dennis method of flat foot grading.

RESULTS
The demographic characteristics of participants were represented through frequency, mean and standard deviation. Moreover, strong correlation between flat foot and Q-angle was observed on right side, whereas moderate correlation was detected on left side of flat foot respectively (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION
It was concluded that flexible flat foot has strong association with Q-angle. However, future studies must be taken in to consideration for further assessment of flat foot.

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ABSTRACT

Feeding and eating are basic activities of daily living (B/ADL) thus it is one of the major occupation domain of occupational therapy. The role of an occupational therapist at this domain is to evaluate occupational performance and develop feeding skills that includes sensory-motor, fine motor, oral motor and processing skills. Moreover behavior pattern, habit and routine along with contextual factors during the mealtimes that facilitate feeding mechanism. Picky and fussy eating is also called choosy eating which is most common form of feeding difficulties [2] among both typically developed and delayed milestone children. The aim of case study is to promote the effectiveness of occupational therapy in picky eater children who have attained developmental milestones within typical ranges but healthy eating habits are not developed. The occupational performance of the 5 year old picky eater child was monitored through ABLLS-Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skill. Feeding issues of the child were affecting her physical and behavioral health eventually leading to struggle in functions for BADL- basic activities of daily living and social participation. It is observed that continuous occupational therapy session with individualized intervention plan, inculcate healthy eating habits and improve results at ABBLS.

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